The main mechanisms of E–C are plastic deformation, craters, and small pits. The results showed that the AISI 4130 steel processed by ECAP has enhanced mechanical and E–C properties. Various microscopes were employed to investigate the microstructure and surface changes due to ECAP and E–C. The E–C resistance of unECAPed and ECAPed specimens was evaluated by using seawater slurry with specified sand concentrations. Consequently, the effects of ECAP on the tensile, hardness, and impact properties were investigated. ECAP at high temperature according to Bc route (billet rotation 90 deg counterclockwise after every pass) was applied and UFGS AISI 4130 specimens with an average grain size of 500 nm were obtained after four ECAP passes. The current work studies the effect of ECAP passes on mechanical properties, microstructure, and the erosion–corrosion (E–C) resistance of AISI 4130 steel. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is one of the most important SPD techniques. Sever plastic deformation (SPD) is widely employed to make ultrafine-grained structure (UFGS) materials that satisfy desired properties such as high strength, good tribological properties, and lightweight. Tensile testing results show that yield and ultimate strength, elongation, strength-ductility balance of 1100 Al alloy increase as the number of ECAP passes increase. There are many handicaps arise during ECAP processing that should be taken in considerations in the future work, such as: die fixation system and lubrication procedure. Results show that Abaqus program is an excellent tool to optimize the ECAP die design and to attain a low cost and safe design. In addition, three ECAP passes were implemented on a commercially pure 1100 aluminum alloy, the effect of ECAP on the tensile properties were also demonstrated. Finite element analysis using Abaqus CAE 14 program was utilized to reach the optimum safe ECAP die design. This paper describes ECAP in terms of die design and manufacturing, processing procedure and handicaps. The current work deals with ECAP as a promising processing technology. The full implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the Commitments to the Rio principles, were strongly reaffirmed at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) held in Johannesburg, South Africa from 26 August to 4 September 2002.ECAP is an efficient processing technique to produce materials with enhanced mechanical properties without any dimensional change. It was agreed that a five year review of Earth Summit progress would be made in 1997 by the United Nations General Assembly meeting in special session. The Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was created in December 1992 to ensure effective follow-up of UNCED, to monitor and report on implementation of the agreements at the local, national, regional and international levels. Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally and locally by organizations of the United Nations System, Governments, and Major Groups in every area in which human impacts on the environment.Īgenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, and the Statement of principles for the Sustainable Management of Forests were adopted by more than 178 Governments at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3 to 14 June 1992.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |